I didn’t know the answer to this so I sent the question to Pete Makovicky, our Associate Curator of Dinosaurs, and this is what he said:
All living reptiles including birds (phylogenetic definition of reptiles) excrete uric acid – the white part of bird ‘poo’ – from their kidneys as a product of protein metabolism. The uric acid is excreted from the cloaca together with the feces as noted by galavanting-grandly. Since dinosaurs slot next to crocs on the tree and include birds, they too would have had uric acid excretion and likely excreted the same way. The advantage to uric acid is that it can be excreted as dry crystals – we mammals excreting urea that needs to be dissolved in water and thus have a far worse water balance than reptiles.
My brother saved this document and everytime he gets angry at our neighbours for being loud he prints it to their wireless printer and you can hear the wife shout “Why the fuck would you print this AGAIN?!” to her son.
the video of the presentation of this paper is priceless.
i made these this evening (December 6th, that is) and i’ll see how long they last in the house full of cookie-eaters. 🙂
slightly modified the recipe and used crushed candy canes instead of the peppermint M&Ms. and i also used white chocolate chips in the first batch and switched the vanilla extract for mint extract for extra minty-ness in the second batch.
imagine a crocodile with horse-like legs… unstoppable… i would love to ride one o’ those into battle
are you..high
….carry on
Fun fact these ‘crocodile cousins’ with ‘horse-like legs’ existed and was known as a ‘sabre-toothed cat in armour’ due to it’s speed out of water and long fangs. There was the ‘DogCroc’ ( Araripesuchus wegeneri) and ‘BoarCroc’ (Kaprosuchus). The DogCroc (featured above) was only around the size of a small dog, with its skull easily fitting into the palm of someones hand. It lived during the Lower Cretaceous-Upper Cretaceous period;
*Comparison of a DogCroc’s skull to a Sarcosuchus skull. (Sarcosuchus is the largest known crocodile species and was large enough it could even prey upon a T-Rex and could weigh up to ten tonnes and be over forty feet long.)
However the BoarCroc (Kaprosuchus) was twenty-foot long and could gallop across land and preyed upon dinosaurs.
I wonder what their metabolisms were like… and how long could they sustain that gallop for?
Crocs are the most fascinating animal group in history. What we have today is positively boring compared to how experimental this group has been in the past. In addition to the “dog croc,” there were also arboreal crocodiles. That means they lived IN TREES. There was one species that was the size of a whale and lived almost, if not entirely at sea. But, like most whales it was a filter feeder, and not a killer. Crocodiliforms are magic.
So you have probably seen the “forty cakes thing” before but did you know that it’s from a book called “The Super Dictionary”? I didn’t put all of them here but oh my god it’s so weird.
“Please help me” oh my god its like a seanbaby edit
and the entry for fifty, not as known as its forty cousin but still beautiful